Exception Dealing with in Java with Examples | 2023

Exception dealing with in java is without doubt one of the highly effective mechanisms to deal with runtime errors attributable to exceptions. Exception dealing with performs an essential function in software program growth. This text helps you perceive java exception, exception in java, java exception dealing with, java exception hierarchy, varieties of exception in java, and lots of extra.

What’s Exception Dealing with in Java?

Exception dealing with in java helps in minimizing exceptions and helps in recovering from exceptions. It is without doubt one of the highly effective mechanisms to deal with runtime exceptions and makes it bug-free. Exception dealing with helps in sustaining the stream of this system. An exception dealing with is outlined as an irregular situation that will occur at runtime and disturb the conventional stream of this system.

Additionally Learn: Java Tutorial for newcomers

What’s an Exception?

An expectation is an sudden occasion that happens whereas executing this system, that disturbs the conventional stream of the code.

Exception dealing with in java with an instance:

Let’s say,

assertion
assertion
assertion
exception ………… an exception occurred, then JVM will deal with it and can exit the prog.
assertion
assertion
assertion

For dealing with exceptions, there are 2 doable approaches

1. JVM

If an exception is just not dealt with explicitly, then JVM takes the accountability of dealing with the exception.

As soon as the exception is dealt with, JVM will halt this system and no extra execution of code will happen

import java.util.*;

class Principal {
    public static void foremost (String[] args) {
        System.out.println(5/0);
        System.out.println("Finish of program!");
	}
}

Runtime Error:

 Exception in thread "foremost" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
 at Principal.foremost(File.java:5) 

2. Developer

Builders can explicitly write the implementation for dealing with the exception. As soon as an exception is dealt with, the conventional execution of code will proceed.

Preferable: deal with exceptions to make sure your code will get executed usually.

Java Exception Hierarchy

Exception Hierarchy – Following is the Exception Dealing with in Java dealing with hierarchy.

• Throwable –
  • It’s the root class for the exception hierarchy in java. 
  • It’s within the java.lang package deal.
• Error –
  • Subclass of Throwable.
  • Encompass irregular situation that’s out of 1’s management and is determined by the surroundings
  • They will’t be dealt with and can at all times consequence within the halting of this system.
  • Eg: StackOverFlowError that may occur in infinite loop or recursion
• Exception –
  • Subclass of Throwable.
  • Encompass irregular circumstances that may be dealt with explicitly.
  • If one handles the exception then our code will proceed to execute easily.

Forms of exception in Java

• Checked Exceptions
  • These exceptions which might be checked at compile-time includes checked exceptions.
  • They’re baby courses of Exception apart from RuntimeException.
  • This system won’t compile if they aren’t dealt with.
  • Instance: IOException, ClassNotFoundException, and many others.
• Unchecked Exceptions
  • These exceptions which might be checked at runtime includes unchecked exceptions.
  • They’re baby courses of RuntimeException.
  • They offer runtime errors if not dealt with explicitly.
  • Instance: ArithmeticException, NullPointerException and many others.

Distinction between Checked and Unchecked Exception

Java Exception Index

Java Exception Key phrases

Exception Dealing with in java is managed through 5 key phrases: strive, catch, throw, throws, and eventually. Listed below are 5 key phrases which might be utilized in dealing with exceptions in Java

Java Strive-Catch Block

Strive-catch syntax:

strive{
}
catch(Exception e){
}

public class ExceptionDemo {
	public static void foremost (String[] args) {
		int a=10;
		for(int i=3;i>=0;i--)
		   strive{
		     System.out.println(a/i);  
		   }catch(ArithmeticException e){
		       System.out.println(e);
		   }
	}
}

Output:

3
5
10
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero 

• strive block comprises the code which may throw an exception. Don’t write something further in strive as statements after the exception won’t get executed if the exception occurred. Strive have to be instantly adopted by catch or lastly block.

public class ExceptionDemo {
	public static void foremost (String[] args) {
		int a=10;
		for(int i=3;i>=0;i--)
		   strive{
		     System.out.println(a/i);  
		   }
	}
}

Compile-time error:

prog.java:5: error: 'strive' with out 'catch', 'lastly' or useful resource declarations
    strive{
    ^
1 error 

• The catch block is used to catch the exception thrown by statements within the strive block. The catch should comply with strive else it should give a compile-time error.

public class ExceptionDemo {
	public static void foremost (String[] args) {
		int a=10;
		for(int i=3;i>=0;i--)
		   strive{
		     System.out.println(a/i);  
		   }
		   System.out.println("between try to catch");
		   catch(ArithmeticException e){
		       System.out.println(e);
		   }
	}
}

Compile Time Error:

prog.java:5: error: 'strive' with out 'catch', 'lastly' or useful resource declarations
    strive{
    ^
prog.java:9: error: 'catch' with out 'strive'
    catch(ArithmeticException e){
    ^
2 errors 

Issues to Bear in mind:

Don’t hold any code after the assertion which is vulnerable to exception. As a result of if an exception occurred, it should right away soar to the catch or lastly block, ignoring all different statements within the strive block.

class Principal {
	public static void foremost (String[] args) {
         strive
       {
             System.out.println(4/0);
	 //won't get printed
             System.out.println("finish of strive!");
        }
catch(ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("divide by 0");
        }
    }
}

Output:

divide by 0

• Whereas catching the exception within the catch block, both you’ll be able to have instantly the category of exception or its superclass.

Instance: Precise Exception

class Principal {
	public static void foremost (String[] args) {
        strive{
            System.out.println(4/0);
           }
      
        //ArithmeticException 
        catch(ArithmeticException e){
            System.out.println("divide by 0");
        }
    }
}

Output:

divide by 0

Instance: Superclass of Precise Exception

class Principal {
	public static void foremost (String[] args) {
        strive{
            System.out.println(4/0);
           }
      
        //superclass of ArithmeticException 
        catch(Exception e){
            System.out.println("divide by 0");
        }
     }
}

Output:

divide by 0

Java A number of Catch Block

If in case you have a number of catches, it’s important to keep the hierarchy from subclass to superclass.

Incorrect:

class Principal {
	public static void foremost (String[] args) {
        strive{
            System.out.println(4/0);
        }catch(Exception e)
        {
            System.out.println("Exception : divide by 0");
        }catch(ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("ArithmeticException :divide by 0");
        }
	}
}

Compile-time error:

 prog.java:11: error: exception ArithmeticException has already been caught
        }catch(ArithmeticException e)
         ^
1 error 

Appropriate:

class Principal {
	public static void foremost (String[] args) {
        strive{
            System.out.println(4/0);
        }catch(ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("ArithmeticException : divide by 0");
        }catch(Exception e)
        {
            System.out.println("Exception : divide by 0");
        }
   }
}

Output:

ArithmeticException: Divide by 0

Java Nested Strive

When there may be one other strive block inside the strive block:

class Principal {
	public static void foremost (String[] args) {
        strive{
                strive{
                    int[] a={1,2,3};
                    System.out.println(a[3]);
                }
   catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
                {
                    System.out.println("Out of bounds");
                }
              System.out.println(4/0);
        }
       catch(ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("ArithmeticException : divide by 0");
        }
	}
    }

Output:

Out of bounds
ArithmeticException: Divide by 0 

Observe – If we put code of outer strive earlier than inside strive, then if an exception occurred, it should ignore the whole inside try to transfer on to its catch block.

class Principal {
	public static void foremost (String[] args) {
        strive{
               System.out.println(4/0);
               strive{
                    int[] a={1,2,3};
                    System.out.println(a[3]);
                }
   catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
                {
                    System.out.println("Out of bounds");
                }
        }
       catch(ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("ArithmeticException : divide by 0");
        }
	}
    }

Output:

ArithmeticException: Divide by 0

Java Lastly Block

Incorporates code that have to be executed irrespective of if an exception is thrown or not. It comprises code of file launch, closing connections, and many others.

class Principal {
	public static void foremost (String[] args) {
        strive{
            System.out.println(4/0);
        }catch(Exception e)
        {
            System.out.println(e);       
        }
        lastly
        {
            System.out.println("lastly executed");
        }
        
       	        System.out.println("finish");
	}
}

Output:

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
lastly executed
finish 

Lastly, will execute even when we don’t deal with exceptions. Earlier than halting this system, JVM checks if there’s a “lastly” block.

class Principal {
	public static void foremost (String[] args) {
        strive{
            System.out.println(4/0);
            
        }lastly
        {
            System.out.println("cleansing.......");
        }
	}
}

Runtime Error:

 Exception in thread "foremost" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
 at Principal.foremost(File.java:4) 

Output:

cleansing.......

Java Ultimate vs Lastly vs Finalize

Java Throw Key phrase

It’s a key phrase that’s used to explicitly throw an exception.

We are able to use throw the place in response to our logic an exception ought to happen.

Instance:

public class ExceptionDemo {
	static void canVote(int age){
		if(age<18)
            strive{
                throw new Exception();
            }catch(Exception e){
                System.out.println("you aren't an grownup!");
            }
		else
		   System.out.println("you'll be able to vote!");
	}
	public static void foremost (String[] args) {
		canVote(20);
		canVote(10);
	}
}

Output:

you'll be able to vote!
you aren't an grownup! 

Java Throws Key phrase

• Throws key phrase is used when callee doesn’t wish to deal with the exception slightly it needs to increase this accountability of dealing with the exception to the caller of the operate.
• Mainly says what kind of exception the code can throw and depends on the caller to deal with it.
• It’s used to deal with checked Exceptions because the compiler won’t enable code to compile till they’re dealt with.

Instance:

public class ExceptionDemo {
	static void func(int a) throws Exception{
		   System.out.println(10/a);  
	}
	public static void foremost (String[] args) {
		strive{
		    func(10);
		    func(0);
		}catch(Exception e){
		   System.out.println("cannot divide by zero");
		}
	
	}
}

Output:

1
cannot divide by zero 

If callee can throw a number of exceptions, then all might be thrown concurrently.

import java.util.*;

public class ExceptionDemo {
	static void func(int a,int b) throws ArithmeticException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException{
		   System.out.println(10/a); 
		   int[] arr={1,2,3};
		   System.out.println(arr[b]);
	}
	public static void foremost (String[] args) {
		Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in);
		for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
		strive{
		    func(in.nextInt(),in.nextInt());
    		}catch(ArithmeticException e){
    		   System.out.println("cannot divide by zero");
    		}catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){
    		   System.out.println("Out of bounds!");
    		}
		     }
		
	}
   }

Enter:

2 1
0 1
2 3 

Output:

5
2
cannot divide by zero
5
Out of bounds! 

Java Throw vs Throws

Java Customized Exception

You possibly can create your personal exception and provides implementation as to the way it ought to behave. Your exception will behave like a toddler’s class of Exception.

Syntax:

 class YourException extends Exception{}

• Instance:
  • let’s say, you’re working with an airline firm 
  • You’re within the baggage check-in division and as per guidelines, you’ll be able to enable 15kg per buyer.
  • So now greater than 15kg of weight is an irregular situation for us or in different phrases its an exception
  • That is our logic-based exception, so we’ll create our customized exception WeightLimitExceeded 
  • As per syntax, it should prolong Exception.
  • We outline the constructor which can get invoked as quickly as an exception might be thrown
  • We now have to explicitly throw the exception and therefore we are going to use throw key phrase for that.
  • Utilizing throws key phrase is as per our want. If we’re dealing with an exception the place it’s getting thrown then we are able to keep away from throws, else we are going to use throws and deal with it within the caller.

Implementation:

import java.util.*;

class WeightLimitExceeded extends Exception{
    WeightLimitExceeded(int x){
        System.out.print(Math.abs(15-x)+" kg : ");
    }
}


class Principal {
    void validWeight(int weight) throws WeightLimitExceeded{
        if(weight>15)
            throw new WeightLimitExceeded(weight);
        else
            System.out.println("You're able to fly!");
    }
    
      public static void foremost (String[] args) {
        Principal ob=new Principal();
        Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in);
        for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
            strive{
                ob.validWeight(in.nextInt());
            }catch(WeightLimitExceeded e){
                System.out.println(e);
            }
        }
        
	}
}

Enter:

20
7 

Output:

5 kg : WeightLimitExceeded
You're able to fly! 

Exception Dealing with in java with methodology overriding

Exception Dealing with in Java with Methodology Overriding is an overridden methodology that declares to throw an exception and declare that it may well throw the identical exception or subtype of that exception.

To deal with the exception in Java, you’ll have to comply with three essential guidelines. They’re depicted within the under determine.

Benefits and drawbacks of exception dealing with in java

Benefits of excepting dealing with in java 

• Separating Error-Dealing with Code from “Common” Code
• Propagating Errors Up the Name Stack
• Grouping and Differentiating Error Sorts

Disadvantages of excepting dealing with in java 

• Experiencing pointless overhead
• Not understanding how the applying actually works
• Filling your logs with noisy occasions
• Incapacity to concentrate on what really issues

This brings us to the tip of this text on exception dealing with in java. We hope that you’re now clear in regards to the idea of exception dealing with in java. When you want to know extra in regards to the java programming language, then go surfing to our free java on-line course with certificates and energy forward in your profession.

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