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Sunday, March 9, 2025

Analog & Digital – Half I


There isn’t a query that we stay in a digital world.  What does that imply?  Is there one other world?  What’s the distinction?  We stay in a world of computer systems.  Computer systems are based mostly on parts {of electrical} circuits.  The fundamental a part of the circuit is outlined by both being “on” (conducting electrical indicators) or “off” (not conducting).  Every of those primary circuit components in thought of a “bit”.  So, a 32 bit controller divides the management in to 32 steps, whereas a 64 bit has 64 steps.  Discover, the time period “steps”.  If one considers a baby’s slide, it’s a steady slope.  If we had been to make that digital, it might have small steps rather than the continual slide.  We’d not do this, in fact.  However we do this with electronics.  Have you ever ever tried to regulate the amount from a speaker and located one setting was an excessive amount of and subsequent decrease setting was too little?  That’s as a result of digital steps within the controller.  It’s doable to extend the steps to make it look like clean, however it might nonetheless be steps.

From Reference 1: “An analog pc or analogue pc is a sort of pc that makes use of the continual variation facet of bodily phenomena reminiscent of electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic portions (analog indicators) to mannequin the issue being solved. In distinction, digital computer systems signify various portions symbolically and by discrete values of each time and amplitude (digital indicators).”  Analog computer systems had been used within the 1940 to supply help with hearth management weapons techniques throughout World Battle II amongst different functions. 

The digital pc grew to become the usual for a number of causes.  The pace of calculation grew to become larger and larger than analog computer systems.  There was one elementary situation that hindered the applying of analog computer systems.  Reprogramming was completed by rearranging the interconnecting wires/cables throughout the meeting.  Digital computer systems within the early days had primary system directions (neumonic identifiers) that had been entered into the pc by way of numerical codes.  This was gradual however sooner than rewiring the system.  When the working techniques emerged for digital computer systems, the pc might carry out a mess of duties and never be designed for particular issues.

If digital is quicker (and higher?) than analog, why are folks going again to vinyl information?  Why do these folks state that the standard of the music is best?  Vinyl information are made by gear that information the precise frequencies as analog indicators into to a grasp copy that captures the nuances of the modifications in frequencies.  This means that the gear can document the analog indicators, which means a system with vacuum tubes and never computer-generated analog to digital converters.  To acquire the true impact of the music to be much like being at and precise efficiency (not amplified by digital gear) requires the gear taking part in the sounds can be able to producing analog indicators with out digital digital to analog conversion. 

In a really crude instance.  A piano key strikes a chord that vibrates at a given frequency.  The important thing subsequent to it’s at a identified, discrete frequency.  E.g., the center C of a piano is 261.6 HZ, the black key to the fitting has a frequency of 277.18 Hz.  This isn’t steady as it might be for an instrument like a violin.  The piano is the digital instrument (discrete bits) and the violin is the analog (steady frequencies).  The recording in Reference 2 was performed throughout a follow session by “eg” and has each piano and violin music.  The standard of the recording shouldn’t be superb, however the variations between the piano (digital) sound and the violin (analog) sounds are apparent.  This instance was recorded in an auditorium with a small voice recorder, which was digital.  The purpose is there’s a recognizable distinction between the analog and digital sort sounds.

Subsequent month, Half II will delve into among the subtleties of using digitally modified analog sign together with extra on sound itself.  The modification doesn’t come with out penalties. 

References:

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_computer
  2. https://recorder.google.com/20b5bb1a-56cd-407a-a24c-c5efc2d92bf3

About Walt

I’ve been concerned in numerous points of nanotechnology for the reason that late Nineteen Seventies. My curiosity in selling nano-safety started in 2006 and produced a white paper in 2007 explaining the 4 pillars of nano-safety. I’m a expertise futurist and is presently targeted on nanoelectronics, single digit nanomaterials, and 3D printing on the nanoscale. My expertise contains three startups, two of which I based, 13 years at SEMATECH, the place I used to be a Senior Fellow of the technical workers after I left, and 12 years at Normal Electrical with 9 of them on company workers. I’ve a Ph.D. from the College of Texas at Austin, an MBA from James Madison College, and a B.S. in Physics from the Illinois Institute of Expertise.

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